铺首,俗称“门环”。准确地讲,铺首只是门环底座,铺首衔环才是一个完整的门环。 如同门簪是用来固定大门,门钉是用来固定门板一样,门环是用来开关大门和叩门的,为一种实用物件。 以有2000多年的历史。古代统治阶级对民居门环有很明确的等级规定。明史记载:“亲王府四城正门以丹漆金钉铜环;公王府大门绿油铜环;百官第中公侯门用金漆兽面锡环;一二品官门绿油兽面锡环;三至五品官门黑油锡环;六至九品官门黑油铁环……”难怪山西众多豪宅老门都是黑漆或无漆的,门环为铁制。
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每当游走在老街古巷时,总会特别留意那些旧宅院前的老门环,它们仿佛永远也不知道孤独和寂寞,风吹日晒,沾满铜绿,却依然静静站在那里,等待着归人上前轻扣,见证着历史古往今昔。
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由于门环所处位置醒目,随着时间发展,在实用的基础上,增加装饰和标志门第等级的功能,成为中国古代“门文化”的一部分。 门环造型多种多样,既有简单的样式,也有繁复逼真的造型,表达着人们对于美好、平安生活的期待。
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怀念那青砖绿瓦的朱漆门,怀念那庄严寂静的老门环,它在与你说话,你却听不见。
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远亲近邻,老老少少,
敲打了无数遍,
几代生存,几代繁衍,
留下了故事,留下了悲喜,
轻扣老门环,倾听历史的回响。
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来源:最美文房
原标题:门环,岁月的记忆在这里叩响